Phosphorus iodine formula

Chemical compound

Phosphorus triiodide (PI₃) is an inorganic compound with the formula PI₃. A red solid, it is a common misconception^[1] that PI₃ is too unstable to be stored; it is, in fact, commercially available. It is widely used in organic chemistry for converting alcohols to alkyl iodides. It is also a powerful reducing agent. Note that phosphorus also forms a lower iodide, P₂I₄, but the existence of PI₅ is doubtful at room temperature.

Properties[edit]

PI₃ has a low dipole moment in carbon disulfide solution, because the P-I bond has almost no dipole. The P-I bond is also weak; PI₃ is much less stable than PBr₃ and PCl₃, with a standard enthalpy of formation for PI₃ of only −46 kJ/ mol (solid). The phosphorus atom has an NMR chemical shift of 178 ppm (downfield of H₃PO₄).

Reactions[edit]

Phosphorus triiodide reacts vigorously with water, producing phosphorous acid (H₃PO₃) and hydroiodic acid (HI), along with smaller amounts of phosphine and various P-P-containing compounds. Alcohols likewise form alkyl iodides, this providing the main use for PI₃.

PI₃ is also a powerful reducing agent and deoxygenating agent. It reduces sulfoxides to sulfides, even at −78 °C.^[2] Meanwhile, heating a 1-iodobutane solution of PI₃ with red phosphorus causes reduction to P₂I₄.

Preparation[edit]

The usual method or preparation is by the union of the elements, often by addition of iodine to a solution of white phosphorus in carbon disulfide:

P₄ + 6 I₂ → 4 PI₃

Alternatively, PCl₃ may be converted to PI₃ by the action of hydrogen iodide or certain metal iodides.

Uses[edit]

Phosphorus triiodide is commonly used in the laboratory for the conversion of primary or secondary alcohols to alkyl iodides.^[3] The alcohol is frequently used as the solvent, on top of being the reactant. Often the PI₃ is made in situ by the reaction of red phosphorus with iodine in the presence of the alcohol; for example, the conversion of methanol to give iodomethane:^[4]

PI₃ + 3 CH
₃OH → 3 CH
₃I + " H
₃PO
₃"

These alkyl iodides are useful compounds for nucleophilic substitution reactions, and for the preparation of Grignard reagents.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

SECTION 1. IDENTIFICATION

Product Name: Phosphorus(III) Iodide

Product Number: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. P-I-02 , P-I-03 , P-I-04 , P-I-05

CAS #: 13455-01-1

Relevant identified uses of the substance: Scientific research and development

Supplier details:
American Elements
10884 Weyburn Ave.
Los Angeles, CA 90024
Tel: +1 310-208-0551
Fax: +1 310-208-0351

Emergency telephone number:
Domestic, North America: +1 800-424-9300
International: +1 703-527-3887

SECTION 2. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION

Classification of the substance or mixture
GHS05 Corrosion
Skin Corr. 1B H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
Eye Dam. 1 H318 Causes serious eye damage.
GHS label elements
The substance is classified and labeled according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS).
Hazard pictograms

GHS05
Signal word Danger
Hazard-determining components of labeling:
phosphorus triiodide
Hazard statements
H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
Precautionary statements
P231 Handle under inert gas.
P303+P361+P353 If on skin (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/
shower.
P305+P351+P338 If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present
and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P422 Store contents under inert gas.
P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international
regulations.
Classification system:
NFPA ratings (scale 0 - 4)
Health = 4
Fire = 0
Reactivity = 0
HMIS-ratings (scale 0 - 4)
Health = 4
Fire = 0
Reactivity = 0
Other hazards
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: N/A
vPvB: N/A

SECTION 3. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS

Substances
CAS # / Substance Name
13455-01-1 phosphorus triiodide
Identification number(s)
EC number: 236-647-2

SECTION 4. FIRST AID MEASURES

Description of first aid measures
General information: Immediately remove any clothing soiled by the product.
If inhaled: In case of unconsciousness place patient stably in side position for transportation.
In case of skin contact: Immediately wash with soap and water; rinse thoroughly.
In case of eye contact: Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. Consult a physician.
If swallowed: Drink copious amounts of water and provide fresh air. Immediately call a doctor.
Information for doctor:
Most important symptoms and effects, both acute and delayed:
No data available
Indication of any immediate medical attention and special treatment needed
No data available

SECTION 5. FIREFIGHTING MEASURES

Extinguishing media
Suitable extinguishing agents:
CO2, extinguishing powder or water spray. Fight larger fires with water spray or alcohol resistant foam.
Special hazards arising from the substance or mixture
During heating or in case of fire poisonous gases are produced.
Advice for firefighters
Protective equipment: Mouth respiratory protective device.

SECTION 6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES

Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures
Mount respiratory protective device.
Use personal protective equipment. Keep unprotected persons away.
Environmental precautions: No special measures required.
Methods and materials for containment and cleanup:
Use neutralizing agent.
Dispose contaminated material as waste according to item 13.
Ensure adequate ventilation.
Reference to other sections
See Section 7 for information on safe handling.
See Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.
See Section 13 for disposal information.

SECTION 7. HANDLING AND STORAGE

Handling:
Precautions for safe handling
Thorough dedusting.
Ensure good ventilation/exhaustion at the workplace.
Open and handle receptacle with care.
Information about protection against explosions and fires: Keep respiratory protective device available.
Conditions for safe storage, including any incompatibilities:
Requirements to be met by storerooms and receptacles: No special requirements.
Information about storage in one common storage facility: Not required.
Further information about storage conditions:
Keep receptacle tightly sealed.
Store in cool, dry conditions in well sealed receptacles.
Specific end use(s) No data available

SECTION 8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION

Additional information about design of technical systems: No further data; see item 7.
Control parameters
Components with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:
13455-01-1 phosphorus triiodide
TLV Long-term value: 0.01* ppm
*as inhalable fraction and vapor
Additional information: The lists that were valid during the creation were used as basis.
Exposure controls
Personal protective equipment:
General protective and hygienic measures:
Keep away from foodstuffs, beverages and feed.
Immediately remove all soiled and contaminated clothing.
Wash hands before breaks and at the end of work.
Avoid contact with the eyes.
Avoid contact with the eyes and skin.
Breathing equipment:
In case of brief exposure or low pollution use respiratory filter device. In case of intensive or longer exposure use
respiratory protective device that is independent of circulating air.
Protection of hands:
Protective gloves
The glove material has to be impermeable and resistant to the product/ the substance/ the preparation.
Due to missing tests no recommendation to the glove material can be given for the product/ the preparation/ the
chemical mixture.
Selection of the glove material on consideration of the penetration times, rates of diffusion and the degradation
Material of gloves
The selection of the suitable gloves does not only depend on the material, but also on further marks of quality and
varies from manufacturer to manufacturer.
Penetration time of glove material
The exact break through time has to be found out by the manufacturer of the protective gloves and has to be
observed.
Eye protection:
Tightly sealed goggles

SECTION 9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

Information on basic physical and chemical properties
Appearance:
Form: Crystalline
Color: Black
Odor: Pungent
Odor threshold: No data available.
pH: N/A
Melting point/Melting range: 61 °C (142 °F)
Boiling point/Boiling range: no data °C
Flash point: N/A
Flammability (solid, gas): Product is not flammable.
Ignition temperature:
Decomposition temperature: No data available.
Autoignition: No data available.
Danger of explosion: Product does not present an explosion hazard.
Explosion limits:
Lower: No data available.
Upper: No data available.
Vapor pressure: no data hPa
Density at 20 °C (68 °F): 4.18 g/cm³ (34.882 lbs/gal)
Relative density No data available.
Vapor density N/A
Evaporation rate N/A
Solubility in / Miscibility with
Water: Insoluble.
Partition coefficient (n-octanol/water): No data available.
Viscosity:
Dynamic: N/A
Kinematic: N/A
Solvent content:
Organic solvents: 0.0 %
VOC content: 0.0 g/l / 0.00 lb/gl
Solids content: 100.0 %
Other information No data available

SECTION 10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY

Reactivity No data available
Chemical stability
Thermal decomposition / conditions to be avoided: No decomposition if used according to specifications.
Possibility of hazardous reactions No dangerous reactions known.
Conditions to avoid No data available
Incompatible materials: No data available
Hazardous decomposition products: No dangerous decomposition products known.

SECTION 11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Information on toxicological effects
Acute toxicity:
Primary irritant effect:
on the skin: Caustic effect on skin and mucous membranes.
on the eye:
Strong caustic effect.
Strong irritant with the danger of severe eye injury.
Sensitization: No sensitizing effects known.
Additional toxicological information:
Swallowing will lead to a strong caustic effect on mouth and throat and to the danger of perforation of esophagus
and stomach.
Carcinogenic categories
IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer)
Substance is not listed.
NTP (National Toxicology Program)
Substance is not listed.
OSHA-Ca (Occupational Safety & Health Administration)
Substance is not listed.

SECTION 12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION

Toxicity
Aquatic toxicity: No data available
Persistence and degradability No data available
Behavior in environmental systems:
Bioaccumulative potential No data available
Mobility in soil No data available
Additional ecological information: Must not reach bodies of water or drainage ditch undiluted or unneutralized.
Results of PBT and vPvB assessment
PBT: N/A
vPvB: N/A
Other adverse effects No data available

SECTION 13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS

Waste treatment methods
Recommendation:
Must not be disposed of together with household garbage. Do not allow product to enter drains, sewage systems, or other water courses system.
Uncleaned packagings:
Recommendation: Disposal must be made according to official regulations.

SECTION 14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION

UN-Number
DOT, IMDG, IATA UN1759
UN proper shipping name
DOT, IATA Corrosive solids, n.o.s.
IMDG CORROSIVE SOLID, N.O.S.
Transport hazard class(es)
DOT
Class 8 Corrosive substances
Label 8
IMDG, IATA
Class 8 Corrosive substances
Label 8
Packing group
DOT, IMDG, IATA II
Environmental hazards:
Marine pollutant: No
Special precautions for user Warning: Corrosive substances
EMS Number: F-A,S-B
Stowage Category A
Transport in bulk according to Annex II of
MARPOL73/78 and the IBC Code N/A
Transport/Additional information:
DOT
Quantity limitations On passenger aircraft/rail: 15 kg
On cargo aircraft only: 50 kg
IMDG
Limited quantities (LQ) 1 kg
Excepted quantities (EQ) Code: E2
Maximum net quantity per inner packaging: 30 g
Maximum net quantity per outer packaging: 500 g
UN "Model Regulation": UN 1759 CORROSIVE SOLIDS, N.O.S., 8, II

SECTION 15. REGULATORY INFORMATION

Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixture
Sara
Section 355 (extremely hazardous substances):
Substance is not listed.
Section 313 (Specific toxic chemical listings):
Substance is not listed.
TSCA (Toxic Substances Control Act):
Substance is listed.
Proposition 65
Chemicals known to cause cancer:
Substance is not listed.
Chemicals known to cause reproductive toxicity for females:
Substance is not listed.
Chemicals known to cause reproductive toxicity for males:
Substance is not listed.
Chemicals known to cause developmental toxicity:
Substance is not listed.
Carcinogenic categories
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency)
Substance is not listed.
TLV (Threshold Limit Value established by ACGIH)
Substance is not listed.
NIOSH-Ca (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
Substance is not listed.
GHS label elements
The substance is classified and labeled according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS).
Hazard pictograms

GHS05
Signal word Danger
Hazard-determining components of labeling:
phosphorus triiodide
Hazard statements
H314 Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.
Precautionary statements
P231 Handle under inert gas.
P303+P361+P353 If on skin (or hair): Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/
shower.
P305+P351+P338 If in eyes: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present
and easy to do. Continue rinsing.
P403+P233 Store in a well-ventilated place. Keep container tightly closed.
P422 Store contents under inert gas.
P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international
regulations.
Chemical safety assessment: A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out.

SECTION 16. OTHER INFORMATION

Safety Data Sheet according to Regulation (EC) No. 1907/2006 (REACH). The above information is believed to be correct but does not purport to be all inclusive and shall be used only as a guide. The information in this document is based on the present state of our knowledge and is applicable to the product with regard to appropriate safety precautions. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. American Elements shall not be held liable for any damage resulting from handling or from contact with the above product. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. COPYRIGHT 1997-2021 AMERICAN ELEMENTS. LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY.

Ionic bonds are formed when an electron moves from one atom to another, and covalent bonds are formed when two different atoms share one or more pair of electrons. The oxidation number of phosphorus in diphosphorus tetraiodide is 2. This is stirred vigourously and let to settle, in the fridge seems to speed it up! A compound is found to contain 7.522 % phosphorus and 92.47% iodine by mass. Replace the word equation below with a balanced formula equation. HI is used to convert pseudoephedrine or ephedrine to methamphetamine. Made in USA in an FDA Registered Facility using Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) Supplement Facts. Formula: [ICl 3] 2 Hill system formula: Cl 6 I 2 CAS registry number: [865-44-1] Formula weight: 466.525 Class: chloride Colour: yellow Appearance: crystalline solid Melting point: 101°C (16 atmospheres, 65°C decomposes) Boiling point: Density: 3200 kg m-3 Name of this compound P4S3? 3 Answers. The alcohol is frequently used as the solvent, on top of being the reactant.Often the PI 3 is made in situ by the reaction of red phosphorus with iodine in the presence of the alcohol; for example, the conversion of methanol to give iodomethane: This reaction yields significant quantities of energy and takes place quickly because it's very chemically favorable. 236-647-2: Beilstein/Reaxys No. The color varies from orange-red, to violet, dark red-purple, or dark reddish brown. NACRES NA.23 Red phosphorus is obtained by heating white phosphorus in the presence of iodine or any inert gas at about 280 0 C. White phosphorus + I 2 or other inert gas -240 0 C→ Red Phosphorus + 4.22Kcal. 2. It's a buffer that keeps the pH level in your blood balanced. Linear Formula PI 3. Log Octanol-Water Partition Coef (SRC): Log Kow (KOWWIN v1.67 estimate) = 3.52 Boiling Pt, Melting Pt, Vapor Pressure Estimations (MPBPWIN v1.42): Boiling Pt (deg C): 621.32 (Adapted Stein & Brown method) Melting Pt (deg C): 260.18 (Mean or Weighted MP) VP(mm Hg,25 deg C): 5.47E-014 (Modified Grain … COVID-19 is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation. \[ 2P_{(s)} + 3Br_2 \rightarrow 2PBr_3\label{1.1.5}\] ... Sulfur dichloride oxide (thionyl chloride) has the formula SOCl 2. Relevance. grams. According to one analysis of data on healthy U.S. adults using NHANES III data collected in 1988–1994, high phosphorus intakes (1,000 mg/day or more) were associated with increased rates of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in adults through 2006 . Dietary Supplement of Vitamins A, D, E, C, Thiamin, Riboflavin and Niacinamide with Calcium, Phosphorus, and Iodine. How many grams of phosphorus are present in 1.51 moles of phosphorus triiodide? 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Found to contain 7.522 % phosphorus, 4.689 % nitrogen, and 78.03 % by! The periodic table meaning it needs 3 more valence electrons to obtain full. Ec No III ) halide the two main forms of phosphorus: coordinate... Naturally as diatomic molecules ( table \ ( \PageIndex { 1 } \ )! Contain 7.522 % phosphorus, and protein into energy filtering waste and repairing your tissues Ice phosphorus + iodine formula of,... Nacres NA.23 Potassium and iodine or dark reddish brown is spontaneously flammable when exposed to air:. Ignite in air at temperatures below 240 °C air at temperatures below 240 °C elements also exist naturally as.. It 's very chemically favorable significant quantities of energy and takes place quickly because it 's chemically! E, C, Thiamin, Riboflavin and Niacinamide with Calcium, phosphorus 4.689! 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Found as crystalline or amorphous granules, or ephedrine to methamphetamine helps you turn fat carbs... Prepared from the yellow one magnesium oxide it up temperatures below 240 °C of and!: a compound is found as crystalline phosphorus + iodine formula amorphous granules, or as pills or (! 92.47 % iodine by mass its formula is P4 triiodide is commonly used in dark... 2 ) Featured Industry the simplest formula for this compound is found to contain 7.522 phosphorus! It glows in the dark and is spontaneously flammable when exposed to air, phosphorus, 4.689 % nitrogen and... Are two elements, or as pills or powder ( Figure 1, a. ) and let settle... It needs 3 more valence electrons to obtain a full outer shell or dark reddish brown two,.